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- THE TRAGEDY OF MACBETH
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- ShakespeareÆs Verse
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- ShakespeareÆs plays are mainly written in ôblank verseö, the form
- preferred by most dramatists in the sixteenth and early seventeenth
- centuries. It is a very flexible medium, which is capable ù like the
- human speaking voice ù of a wide range of tones. Basically the
- lines, which are unrhymed, are ten syllables long. The syllables have
- alternating stresses, just like normal English speech; and they divide
- into five ôfeetö. The technical name for this is ôiambic pentameterö.
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- Macbeth So fo·l and faφr a day I hßve not seΘn.
- Banquo How fßr isÆt cßlled to F≤rres? ù Whßt are thΘse,
- So wφthered, ßnd so wφld in thΘir attφre,
- That lo≤k not lφke thÆinhßbitants ≤Æ the eßrth
- And yΘt are ≤nÆt? ù Live y≤u, or ßre you a·ght
- That mßn may quΘstion? Y≤u seem t≤ understßnd me
- By eßch at ≤nce her ch≤ppy f∞nger lßying
- Up≤n her skφnny lφps. You sh≤uld be w≤men,
- And yΘt your beßrds forbφd me t≤ intΘrpret
- That y≤u are s≤.
- Macbeth Speak, φf you cßn. What ßre you?
- 1, 3, 36û45
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- Here the pentameter accommodates a variety of speech tones ù
- Macbeth is casual in his conversation about the weather; Banquo is
- surprised at the appearance of these creatures, and fearful that they
- may be supernatural beings; he is comforted when they seem to
- understand him; and he can even make a nervous joke about their
- beards. Macbeth, speaking with some authority, completes a line
- started by Banquo ù and so identifies himself with the otherÆs
- feelings. Some words in BanquoÆs speech have had to be elided
- (ôthÆinhabitantsö, ôoÆ theö), but this is usual in English ù especially
- when the speaker is under pressure from some emotion (and Banquo
- is very surprised!).
- In this quotation, the lines are regular in length and normal in
- iambic stress pattern. Sometimes Shakespeare deviates from the
- norm, writing lines that are longer or shorter than ten syllables, and
- varying the stress patterns for unusual emphasis. The verse line
- sometimes contains the grammatical unit of meaning ù ôSo withered
- and so wild in their attireö ù thus allowing for a pause at the end of
- the line, before a new idea is started; at other times, the sense runs on
- from one line to the next ù ôare you aught That man may questionö.
- This makes for the natural fluidity of speech, avoiding monotony but
- still maintaining the iambic rhythm.
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